Ammonia adsorption by L-type zeolite and Prussian blue from aqueous and culture solutions

Modern regenerative medicine and pharmaceutical manufacturing require a large-scale culture of cells. Consequently, cells must be suspension-cultured at high densities, which is challenging because more metabolites, especially ammonia, are produced that inhibit cell proliferation. To address this problem, we tested four zeolites (L-type zeolite, ferrierite, mordenite, Y-type zeolite) Prussian blue for their ability to adsorb NH4+ (the predominant form ammonia in culture-solution pH) from an aqueous solution solution. The L-type zeolite effectively adsorbed solutions, while the other absorbents were ineffective. Notably, neither adsorbent removed glucose, representative nutrient, Kinetics equilibrium studies revealed both adsorbents blue) obey pseudo-second-order kinetics well fitted by Langmuir isotherm model. also exhibited NH4+-adsorption Further, minimal cytotoxicity, was cytotoxic. Using adsorption simple cost-effective, thus making it suitable solutions. Furthermore, reusing expensive on large scale can lower costs producing cultures intended purposes. Thus, expected method will used regenerate solutions large-scale.